Classification and Application of Electrical Connectors

Electrical connectors allow current to flow through blocked or isolated circuits within the circuit, enabling the circuit to achieve its intended function. Some connectors are made in the form of ordinary sockets and are widely recognized and used in the cable industry. For many years, the classification of incoming connectors has been chaotic, with each manufacturer having their own classification methods and standards. The National Electronic Distributors Association (NEDA) in the United States led the development of a set of standards called the Levels of Packaging for connector components in 1989. According to this standard, communication connections generally use level 4 connectors. But the level is only used for learning and classifying connectors, and in practical work, connectors are rarely discussed according to the above levels. Instead, they are named according to the appearance and connection structure of the connector (the naming of different structural forms of electrical connectors is specifically specified by internationally recognized detailed specifications; generally speaking, connectors with different structures have different application scopes). The connection of communication networks often depends on the medium used, so connectors are usually discussed according to different connection media, connection methods, and application scenarios. 1. Multi wire cable connector Multi wire cable connectors include DB connectors, DIX connectors, and DIN connectors. (1) DB type connectors include DB-9, DB-15, and DB-25 connectors, which are used to connect serial devices and parallel cables. They are divided into male and female ends. DB in DB25 represents D-type connectors, and the number 25 represents the number of pins in the connector. DB25 connector is a commonly used component for interface between microcomputers and circuits. (2) DIX connector: Its appearance resembles a DB-15 connector It is connected using a slider, while DB15 is fixed with screws and is often used to connect thick Ethernet cables. (3) DIN connector: There are different pins and pin arrangements in DIN connectors, which are generally used to connect Macintosh and Apple Talk networks. 2. Twisted pair connector Twisted pair connections include two types of connectors: RJ45 and RJ11. RJ is an interface used to describe public telecommunications networks. In previous Category 4, Category 5, Category 5e, and even the recently introduced Category 6 cabling, RJ type interfaces were used. (1) RJ11 connector: It is a type of telephone line connector that supports 2 and 4 wires and is generally used for user telephone line access. (2) RJ45 connector: a type of connector of the same type, jack type, larger than RJ11 connector, and supports 8 wires. It is commonly known as a standard 8-bit modular interface and is commonly used for connecting twisted pair cables in networks. Due to its balanced transmitter and receiver circuits, it has high common mode rejection capability 3. Coaxial cable connector Coaxial cable connectors include T-connectors, BNC connectors, and terminal resistors. (1) T connector: used to connect coaxial cables and BNC connectors. (2) BNC connector: BayoNette bayonet barrel connector, used to connect network segments to BNC connectors. The rapid growth of the communication and computer markets, as well as the combination of communication technology and computer technology, have become the main factors stimulating the growth of demand for coaxial connectors. Due to the dependence of coaxial cables and T-connectors on BNC connectors for connection, the BNC connector market is highly regarded by industry insiders. (3) Terminators: Cables require terminators, which are a special type of connector with a carefully selected resistor that matches the characteristics of the network cable. Each terminator must be grounded. (4) N-type connectors are commonly used in thick cable Ethernet, and workstations are not directly connected to the Ethernet network. Instead, a transceiver is used, which is connected to the transceiver through an AUI connector (DIX connector)